IGF-1 DES is a form of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). In this peptide, the N-terminal sequence comprising Glycine-Proline-Glutamine is missing, potentially assisting it in its alleged resistance to specific inhibitors. Researchers have reported the peptide to exhibit up to ten times greater potency than the untruncated version of the compound, with published observations in hypertrophy and cellular growth research studies.[1] Researchers report that “The increased potency is retained … with selective anabolic effects particularly evident in gut tissues.” It also appears to induce anabolism in catabolic conditions such as those seen during chronic illnesses, and the peptide has been examined in the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research, and studies in certain neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.
Researchers have speculated that the peptide may have a low binding capacity to IGF-1 binding proteins (IGFBPs), and that has led them to hypothesize that IGF-1 DES may be 2-3 times more potent than IGF-1 in lowering blood sugar. The peptide may also exhibit neuroprotective and anabolic characteristics, posited by research findings on skeletal muscle cells. It appears to exhibit desirable characteristics of faster clearance from the circulation and quicker and higher peak activity.
OTHER KNOWN TITLES: Insulin-like growth factor 1, des-(1-3)-, Des(1-3) IGF-1, 4-70-insulin-like growth factor 1
SEQUENCE: TLCGAELVDALQFVCGDRGFYFNKPTGYGSSSRRAPQTGIVDECCFRSCDLRRLEMYCAPLKAAKSA
MOLECULAR FORMULA: C319H495N91O96S7
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 7365.4225 g/mol
IGF-1 DES AND NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE
IGF-1 appears to aid in promoting neuronal growth and differentiation. This may be achieved through synaptic formation, which the peptide appears to enable and support. Researchers suggest that IGF-1 DES may promote the formation of mature synapses as well as their maintenance. More precisely, they may help maintain desired concentrations of presynaptic synapsin-1 protein and post-synaptic PSD-95 protein. These molecules appear to regulate the neurotransmitters released and synaptic structure maintenance, which may adversely affect motor skills, behavior, cognitive functioning, and language development. Research studies suggest that in cases of ALS, IGF-1 exposure may limit disease progression and improve muscular strength and lung functioning. It may also may exert a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons and improve behavioral patterns in research models of Parkinson’s Disease.[2] In addition, IGF-1 DES appears to have the potential to preserve neuron density and excitatory synapses in the brains of Rett syndrome and chromosome 22 deletion syndrome research models.
IGF-1 DES AND AUTISM
IGF-1 analogs have been suggested by researchers to exhibit possible impacts on synapses, encouraging interest in researchers studying disorders caused by disruptions in synaptic development. These include autism, fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, and Angelman syndrome. Low IGF-1 concentrations in the brain have been associated with faulty development and progression of autism.[3] However, IGF-II and analogs like IGF-1 DES may potentially reverse these events, improve social interaction, novel-object recognition, contextual fear conditioning, reduce obsessive behavioral patterns, and improve grooming and memory.
IGF-1 DES AND COGNITION
With increasing age, the levels of IGF-1 in the brain decline, negatively impacting learning and memory recall functions. Ongoing research suggests that exposure to IGF-1 DES may potentially improve excitatory post-synaptic potential by ~40%, suggesting the peptide’s potential to impact cognitive function, particularly in age-related synaptic dysfunction.[4] The scientists reported that “the acute actions of des-IGF-1 at hippocampal excitatory synapses may provide insight into the mechanism by which long-term increases in plasma IGF-1 impart cognitive benefits in aged rats.” Moreover, IGF-1 DES appears to have better penetration power across the blood-brain barrier than the untruncated protein, making the peptide potentially better positioned to support synaptic transmission.
IGF-1 DES AND IMMUNE FUNCTION
IGF-1 receptors are considered to be present on the surface of mononuclear cells and neutrophils.[5] Recent findings have suggested that IGF-1 DES may encourage hydrogen peroxide release from mononuclear cells and support neutrophils to mature into pathogen-killing blastocytes.[6] These impacts may potentially improve immune function, though specific and focused research is necessary to understand any action that the peptide might have.
IGF-1 DES AND WOUND HEALING
Fibroblast cells present in the dermal layer are considered responsible for tissue repair in case of injury. This may be affected by certain IGFBPs that bind and reduce the impact of IGF-1 at its other receptors.[7] Certain inflammatory cytokines may potentially alter IGFBP levels, which may impact healing. However, by introducing IGF-1 DES, which appears to remain unaffected by IGFBP, it may be easier to overcome the hurdles induced by inflammatory cytokines. The resultant improvement in fibroblast growth and differentiation may hasten tissue repair.
IGF-1 DES AND CANCER CELLS
Cancerous cells in undifferentiated or early stages of differentiation are difficult to mitigate and are dysfunctional, whereas cells in more differentiated stages appear to grow more slowly. IGF-1 DES may possibly retard cancer cell growth by promoting the differentiation of certain types of cancerous cells. IGF-1 DES is different from IGF-1 as it does not appear to bind to IGFBPs, which apparently allows these peptides to cross the blood-brain barrier under certain conditions. Studies suggest its potential in skeletal muscle and neuronal growth, neuronal development, and tissue repair. Its potential relevancy in disorders caused from stroke, cancer, neurological factors, and the like, are also being researched.
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