Abstract: The human peptide GHK (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine) exhibits diverse health-positive biological actions, impacting blood vessels, nerves, collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. It aids tissue repair in skin, lung connective tissue, bone, liver, and stomach lining. GHK's cell-protective properties include anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects, DNA repair, and activation of the proteasome system. Recent genetic insights reveal GHK's involvement in multiple biochemical pathways.

Keywords: GHK, GHK-Cu, gene profiling, wound healing, COPD, skin regeneration, antioxidant, fibrinogen

1. Introduction:
GHK-Cu (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine), a copper-binding peptide, is a naturally occurring tri-peptide with potent protective and regenerative properties. Widely used in skincare products, GHK-Cu tightens loose skin, repairs skin barrier proteins, reduces wrinkles, improves skin appearance, stimulates wound healing, and offers protection against UV radiation.

2. GHK Improves Skin Regeneration: GHK-Cu plays a crucial role in skin repair, with its highest plasma levels in young individuals. It stimulates collagen synthesis, glycosaminoglycan production, and regulates metalloproteinases, supporting protein breakdown regulation in the skin. GHK-Cu benefits skin fibroblasts, enhancing cell viability, fibroblast growth factor production, and collagen synthesis.

2.1. Cosmetic Use of GHK-Cu: Clinical studies confirm GHK-Cu's effectiveness in improving aging skin. GHK-Cu creams show significant reductions in wrinkle volume and depth, increased skin density, and improved skin hydration. Notably, GHK-Cu's benefits extend beyond cosmetic use, stimulating dermal keratinocyte proliferation and collagen production.

2.2. Skin Remodeling and Anti-Cancer Actions: GHK-Cu, while promoting skin remodeling, exhibits potent anti-cancer properties. Gene expression studies reveal GHK-Cu's ability to down-regulate metastatic genes and reset gene activity to enhance tissue repair. GHK-Cu inhibits the growth of neuroblastoma and lymphoma cells, reactivating apoptosis systems. Additionally, GHK's anti-cancer activity may be linked to its tissue remodeling effects.

In conclusion, GHK-Cu emerges as a multifaceted peptide with significant therapeutic potential, offering regenerative and protective benefits for various tissues, particularly in skin-related applications.